Waa maxaya IP Address? waxbadan ka baro Fahan ku saabsan waxa la yiraah IP address

Aaladkasta oo ku xirmi karta internet-ka waxaa qasaba inay lahaato waxa loo yaqaaqo “IP PROTOCOL” loo soogaabiyey IP.

IP waxa loogu talo galay in “data” ama warbixin uu hal computer kaqaado una gudbiyo computer kale. Waa midka u sahla in laba aalad oo “Internet”-ka kuxirin inay is dhaafsadaan adeegyada ay ubaahan yihiin. Labo computer oo kuwada xiran hal “internet” sida kan guryaha ku xiran malahaan karaan hal “IP” address ooo isku mida sida 10.1.1.1. Waa in midkasta uu asiga “IP” address ugooniya lahaado. Mararka qaar ay taasi dhacdo waxa arkeesaa fariinyar oo kusoo qormeesa computer-kaada oo “Another device is using your ip address, duplicate address detected” oo ah macanaheeda computer-kale ayaa isticmaalaya IP address aad isticmaaleesid waa inaa badashaa ama laxariir “Network administrator” si uu kuu caawiyo- Waxaa ula jeedaa in labo computer eysan hal IP address ay san halmar wada isticmaali Karin.

Tusaale: Arday wada dhigata hal class soo lagama yaabo in ay jiraan labo arday oo isku magaca oo mararka qaar xitaa magaca aabaha iyo kan awoowaha iskaga eg. Haddii mid kamida aan uwaco labadaas arday halmar ay soo wada jeesanaayaan. Laakiin haddii aan ardaykasta aan siiyo ID lanbar asiga u qaas ah kadibne markii xiisada lagu jiro aan ugu yeero ID lanbarkiisa, waxa soo jeesanaaya ama ila hadlaaya kaliya waa ardayda ID lanbarkiisa aan ugu yeeray, inta kale iyaga sooma jeesanaayaan. Tusaale waxaa ula jeeda si looga fogaado is fahan waa waa in ardayd kasta ID lanbar gooni ah lasiiyo, labo ardayne aysan lahaanin ID lanbar isku midda.

Waxaa jira dhowr nuuc oo IP addresses oo kale ah IPv4 iyo IPv6 “V” waa “version”. Sababta labo kala nooc oo IP addresses u jiraan waa IPv4 waxaa lasoo isticmaalaayey sanado badan iyadoo aduunkoo dhan ay isticmaalaayeen waxaa la ogaaday inuu sii dhamaanaayo waayo computer-kasta oo dunida yaala IP address gooni ah ayuu rabaa sidaas darteen ayaa waxaa lasoo saaray IPv6 oo marne aanan dhamaaneenin si kastoo loo isticmaalo. Hadda waxa aan ka hadlaayo waa IPv4.

IPv4 waxaa loo qeybiyaa “Classes” waxaane jira 5 “classes” balse sadex oo kaliya ayaa la isticmaalaa labada kale aad looma isticmaalo. IPv4 32 (bit) dhirirka waxa uuna ka kooban yahay 4 (octet) sida 4.4.4.4. meelkasta oo dhibic u dhaxeeso waa octet. Halkii octet waxa uu ka kooban yahay 8 (bit). Bits waa o ama 1. Dib ayaa ka sharixi doonaa markaa subnetting-ka gaarno.

IPv4 classes waa:

1. Class A
2. Class B
3. Class C

Class-kasta waxa uu leeyahay IP addresses lagu aqoonsado oo kale ah

Class A waa lanbarada u dhaxeeya     0 ——– 126

Class B waa lanbarada u dhaxeeya      127——191

Class C waa lanbarada u dhaxeeya      192——-223

Class A IP address-kastoo udhaxeexa  0 ilaa 126 sida 10.0.0.0, 125.0.0.0 waa Class A Ip address. Sidoo kale Class B iyo C waa lamida lanbarkastoo udhaxeeya inta ay ka koobanyihiin waad ku aqoonsaneesaa IP address-ka Class-ka uu ka tirsanyahay. Tusaale 172.16.1.0 waxa ay ka tirsantahay Class B.

Qaabka computer-ada u isticmaalaan IP address-ka si ay iskula hadlaan. Waxa aan tusaale usoo qaadanaa sawirka hoos ku qoran.

sida sawirka nooga muuqata waxaa ujeednaa computer 1 oo kuxiran “Switch A” godkiisa 1 iyo computer 2 oo asine “Switch A”-ka kaga xiran godka 2.

Haddii Computer 1 uu rabo inuu PING udiro computer 2, sidee “Switch A”-ka ku ogaanaa fariinta halka ay ka timid iyo meesha ay usocoto? Aan hal hal kuugu kala qaado tilaabooyinka saxda ah ay kadhacaya sida fariin meel uga tagi laheed meelkalene utagi laheed. Marka laga eego xagga networking-ka sida fariinta isku diraan waa il biriqsiyo laakin waxaan rabaa inaa kuu sharaxo habka ay iyo dariiqadda ay maraan.

Tilaabada ugu horeesa waa computer 1 waxa uu rabaa inuu PING udiro computer 2 asigoo isii marinaayo “Switch A”-ka. Balse PING waxa ku hoos qarsoon sida idinkaga muuqata 1 oo computer 1 hoosyaala. Koow

Marka computer 1 uu diraayo PING ga waxa ay kaboobantahay

Source IP: halka PING ga lasoo diraayo oo ah (computer 1)      IP: 1.1.1.1

Destination ip: oo ah halka ay fariinta kusocoto (computer 2) IP: 2.2.2.2

Source mac-address: oo ah lanbarka(hardware) ka ee (computer 1) AAA

Destination mac-address: oo ah lanbar(hardware)ka ee (computer 2) xxxxx

Si computer 1 u diro PING marka hore waa inuu yaqaanaa Mac-address-ka computer ka uu PING ga udiraayo o ah (computer 2). Haddii uusan aqoonin waxa galinaa booska Mac-address-ka computer 2 xxxxx kadibne si broadcast message- ahaan ayuu udiraa taas ay gaareeso “Switch A”.

Tlaabada kuxigta waa markii uu “Switch A” kahelo hello broadcast message ka timid computer 1 waxa uu markiiba ogaanaa mac-address-ka computer 1 oo ah AAAA iyo godka uuga dhaganyahay oo ah port 1, kadibne uu maskaxdiisa ku duubaa taas uusan iloobeenin markale. Kadib “Switch A” waxa uu fiirinaa halka ay

Ping ga ka imaatay waa maxay mac-address-ka (AAA )computer ka soo diray Ping  oo ah computer 1, iyo halka uu uga dhaganyahay asiga oo port 1, kadibne uu maskaxdiisa kuu duubaa meesha computer 1 isaga kaga xiranyahay. Kadibne waxa uu fiirinaa halka uu Ping ga ku soco mac-address ka computer 2 taasoo uu awalkiiba horeba aan lagu soo darin PING ga. Kadibne waxa uu sameenaa “Switch A” fariinta ayuu udiraa computer waliba oo asiga ku xiran. Fariinta waxa aa helaaya computer 2 kadibne computer computer 2 waxa uu arkaa IP address-ka computer 1 iyo mac –address ka computer 1 kadibne waxa uu dub ugu celeninaa oo uu computer 2 computer 1 udiraa mac address-kiisa si computer 1 ugu fududaato inuu fariinta saxda uu soo diro. Fariinta uu computer 2 diraayo waxa ay sii maree “Switch A” kaasoo markaane yaqaana halka uu computer 2 isga kaga xiranyahay port 2 iyo mac address ka computer 2 BBBB. “Switch A” horey ayuu uyaaqaanay halka uu computer 1 kaga xiranyahay iyo mac-address ka uu isticmaalaayo kadibne uu ugudbinaa jaawaabtii uu soo celiyey computer 2.

Computer 1 marka uu helo fariinta waxa uu arkaa mac-address-ka computer 2 kadibne uu haddii uu markale wax udiraayo booska mac-address-ka computer 2 magalinaayo xxxxx maadaama uu yaqaano.

Sidaas ayaa computer-ada fariin isku gu diraan, haddii aad intaas fahantid waa taqaanaa basics networks.

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